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Antiquity
First traces of civilisation on the land of Greater Morsco are recorded from years around 500 BCE, when it was inhabited by Anatheonian tribes. Anatheonians are thought to have migrated acros entire Althena from area of contemporary state of Trenntania and surroundings, in years circa 540 BCE. These tribes had relatively primitive technologies, they were almost entirely farmers, but some megalithic sites, largest being Aerathacera, now located near Oridenpollis. After a strong demographic and technological development between years 400 BCE and 220 AD, advanced metallurgical technologies were developed, initially with the work of gold, copper, silver, iron, and later with platinium. Many jewels and decorational objects can be found from this age, many of them entirely from gold.
These tribes were only inhabitants of Morsco area this time, and many settlement sites from these ages can be found. Major tribes were Eorealians in the area around Corpore, known for their small artistic sculptures found when mining, Arcanthans near Arcen'lacca, Orelanians near Ursus and many other. They are known for discovering massive gold, platinium and diamond deposits in Rozhetean Mountains. Their technologies were not primitive at all, they had stone buildings, advanced farming technologies, iron weapons and medium sized ships.
In years circa 360, the majority of tribes started to join together, and formed four major factions, two of them in area of contemporary Peilan, one in Jhekong and Northern Morsco, and last in Greater Morsco mainland. These factions fought together, gradually advancing in technologies through the centuries, with wars being more and more devastating. These conflicts later resulted to Grand Anatheonian war in years 602 - 720, when west invaded east, and after more than one century of war, joined with it. Still, many weapons and dead from this war can be found all over the Greater Morsco. With casualties estimated to more than 25 million it was most devastating battle conflict in history except Adonian World War. After that, magnificent Anatheonian civilisation begun to rose.
Protoanatheonian period
After the Grand Anatheonian war, Eorealians merged with Anatheonians, and proto-anatheonian civilisation was formed in years circa 750. It was covering area of approx. 620.000 square kilometers, from areas around northern Rozheteans at Corpore aurum on the northeast, Jhekong gulf on the north and Realasthan mountains on the south, to the Western Rozheteans on east and parts of Peilan Plateau on southwest; Core of civilisation was located in the province of Anatheonia, what are currently covered by Anatheon Grand Rainforest. Climate in the civilisation was considered warm and humid, but it was proven that it was much colder climate this time in Eastern Althena. Major cities and centers have been built on the plains, mountains and near lakes closer to Jhekong gulf, for that the cities were not completely destroyed and covered by jungle, they were simply abandoned and ruined. Protoanatheonian civilisation was divided to three provinces, Grand Anatheonia on the north, Rozhetea on southeast and Epheilania on southwest - name of nation Peilan was derived from the name Epheilania.
It was ruled by Emperor, there were five of them in the Protoanatheonian ages(years 750 - 813), and they were emperor Mairessus(ruled 742 - 765), who led Anatheonia to many battles and conquered Arcanthan tribe and occupied province of Rozhetea. He also reclaimed the cities of Anatheonian civilisation, and made Eastern Christianity official religion of Greater Morsco. Ostheoron wrote first literal work dealing with Eastern Althenian history, what is considered one of the most coherent historical sources about the pre-anatheonian ages in Althena. He was succeeded by his son, Emperor Shuryaverus(ruled 765 - 783). During the reign of emperor Shuryaverus, Anatheonian civilisation was rapidly advancing, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Geography were experiencing their golden age in Protoanatheonia. Famous philosopher Caldatiocros is known from this period, he was famous for his discoveries in alchemy and chemistry, and also invented nitroglycerine. In these times, infrastructure was also rapidly building and upgrading. Building of pyramid from Mairenslav began during Shuryaverus's period, and was 77 m high when constructed, with 34 m high pillar on the top, making its complete height 111 m. All next Anatheonian emperors have been buried there. Shuryaverus's successor is known as Shuryaverus II. Not many is known about him, because he died very young, probably poisoned by his uncle Xonthosos, who is also thought to being murderer of emperor Shuryaverus I.
During the reign of Emperor Xhonthosos(ruled 786 - 806), Protoanatheonian civilisation experienced its golden age. He led many wars and invasions to the north and south, and conquered the province Epheilania. The peilanese natives were mostly enslaved, or exiled to the far north or south, what was common on Anatheonian invasions. Pyramid of Mairenslav was finished during his reign, he also made many political reforms and estabilish partial regional democratic systems. He also changed many old traditions and made Anatheonian civilisation true power. He died peacefully at the age of 67, and he was succeeded by his general Heliconos(ruled 806 - 813), also known as The Tyrant. First three years of his reign were peaceful, but in year 810, he gone mad, and declared himself as a Sun God. Everyone who opposed him was executed, he also built massive temple complex dedicated to him, known as Templopolis of Mairenslav, where tons of gold and diamonds were used as a decoration. He also organised many pointless wars and invasions to the east. That almost ruined the economy of Anatheonia. He was killed by his own palace guard in the year 813.
Anatheonian period
After the death of Emperor Heliconos, economy was beginning to stabilise, and after about 15 years it completely recovered. Major Anatheonian Empire in year 825 was covering the area of more than 1.400.000 square kilometers, with significant gains on the east(areas of contemporary Jhekong and Morsco). It was prospering and advanced civilisation, and it was considered world superpower, being much more advanced than all other Adonian civilisations this time. It had huge military of two million of soldiers, advanced architectural and technical knowledge. However, the late Anatheonian Empire existed only bit more than 100 years, from year 813 to 941. It was ruled by emperors from Theonian and Eothenian dynasties, 6 emperors together. However, this was not partially democratic system, as it was in Protoanatheonian civilisation, but absolutism, where emperor was supreme ruler of everything.
Death of emperor Heliconos and following economical crisis led to 12 year long period of recovering, when Anatheonian Empire was significantly weakened because of lack of military funds. Because of that, Anatheonian Empire was attacked by neighboring nations of Shandalia and Tschumon, in first Anathan war(817 - 819), when Anatheonia lost large areas on the south and far west. At first year of war, Ostharussal IV, king of Shandalia and Emperor Tsang II of Tschumon with their armies attacked southern province of Auphelassa. Anatheonia answered with counterattack, but before they arrived there, Southern Alliance prepared, and defeated Anatheonians, who withdrew their armies back to the central provinces, to defend Mairenslav and Anatheonia. This caused many next invasions, when majority of Anatheonian Empire was occupied by Shandalia, Tschumon and Oresthanian Empire. During this war, Anatheonian civilisation was led by emperor Theoniconos I(ruled 813 - 829), who, immediately after the invasions started to rebuild army and to train new soldiers, he found needed money in the treasures in the Pyramid of Mairenslav. In the summer of year 819, Greater Morsco counterattacked with the new army, and met with the Southern Alliance at the battle of Aelasthania, when the armies of Southern Alliance were crushed and Auphelassa was reconquered. This was end of first Anathan war.
After the Anatheonian Empire's economy being succesfully recovered, it started to regain the lost areas, and started to improve the infrastructure. Famous scientist and philosopher Aquilianos is known from early 9.th century, who has proven that Adonia is round, calculated its diameter and mass, and laid the foundations of modern biology, taxonomy and chemistry. Aquilianos also invented first rockets and fireworks, and discovered natural gas. He was killed by insane monk when traveling to the Oresthanian Empire. Also, one of the first universities in the world, Anatheonian University(Later renamed to Grand Campeillo University), was founded in these times, being most prestigious educational facility in the Anatheonia. Close to it was located Library of Mairenslav, with largest amount of literature in the world, but it was lit by insane man Ignostrathus and burned to the ground.
When the emperor Theoniconos I died, 4 year period known as "small republic" started because his successor, Theoniconos II(ruled 833 - 859), was too young. Consul was elected and became the temporary Anatheonian leader, but he was relegated when Theoniconos II reached adulthood. Theoniconos II is known as wise and just ruler, who approved the culture, healthcare and education in Anatheonian Empire. His successors, Theoniconos III(ruled 859 - 867) and IV(ruled 867 - 890) were conversely military orientated, and started the 60 years long series of various invasions to the neighboring nations. In the year 866, first invasion was directed to the Shandalian Kingdom on the far north, and completely conquered the kingdom. This war is also known because of famous book by general Ioelaus, writings about the Shandalian wars. First attack was aimed on the southern citadel of Iathrassa, what was besieged by Anatheonian armies. However, Shandalians were resisting for years, so Anatheonians catapulted bodies of infected cattle to the city, and after few months, city surrendered. Then, they raided northern areas, but Shandalians burned their villages and farm fields there and leaved, what caused hunger and riots in Anatheonian army. But Anatheonians, although with major losses, finally reached Shandalian capital of Asthai, and conquered it in year 869, now during the reign of Theoniconos IV.
In year 877, plans for the new invasion to Tschumon were interrupted by revolts of slave miners on the west, who don't had enough food and tools. They escaped and killed guards, and started to free all slaves across Rozheteans. For that, metal production in Anatheonia almost stopped, so thousands of inhabitants were relocated to the western provinces, to work in the mines instead of slaves. But this was not only problem - after few months, slaves formed small army and tried to create blocade on the Via Auria, main road connecting central Anatheonia with Rozheteans, across what was majority of gold and metals transported. But, Anatheonian army attacked the rebel army soon, and massacred them. As a warning for the rest, thousands of slaves were massacred.
Next succesful Anatheonian invasions were aimed to the nations of Tschumon(883), Xianthou(887), and all of them were succesful. Anatheonian Empire experienced its largest territorial extent this time, more than 3 million square kilometers, encompassing subpolar, temperate, subtropical and tropical climates across the Althena, from the Far East territories of Rozhetea and parts of Samaeilan peninsula on the north, to the southern coast and Central Plains on the west. Capital was the city Mairenslav, with more than one million inhabitants, making it one of the largest cities in the world in this age. Anatheonians had many of advanced technologies what have been reinvented only in last 4 centuries, including fireworks, paper, steam power, or natural gas.
In year 890, invasion to Oresthanian empire, largest rival of Anatheonian civilisation located on the north of Samaeila, started. Oresthanian empire was also very advanced, and had huge army including thousands of war elephants. Anatheonians attacked with full power, but they were blocked and counterattacked in the battle of Eiershylas, when Theoniconos IV was killed and Anatheonians withdrawn, however, they were preparing for second attack. With the help of general Antonius of Anatheonia, this attack was succesful, and Anatheonians easily defeated Oresthanian army and approached far to Oresthanian territories. But they didn't notice that Oresthanians let them pass to their territories, and surrounded the army. Then, in the deep rainforests and with help of war elephants, Oresthanians massacred majority of Anatheonian armies and pushed them back to the Anatheonia, occuping all of Anatheonian territories on the Samaeila. This was one of the many reasons why the Anatheonian Empire slowly started to collapse. And there were many other - southern Shandalia revolted, along with many of eastern territories, new emperor Aerdhathicus was incompetent to stop that, and also supervolcano of Sykios erupted, causing crop failure and famine all over the Eastern Althena, and following epidemies. Anatheonian civilisation was greatly weakened by all of these factors, and in year 907, numerous treates with surrounding nations and revolted provinces were estabilished, reducing area of Empire more than two times.
In years of 915 - 918 empire was slowly collapsing, with majority of the Empire being occupied and divided to numerous other nations, and losing its position of regional power. Next emperor Elactroscythus tried to regain majority of past area, but his invasions were mostly unsuccesful, and he accomplished only minor victories. There was terrible crisis all over the empire, with thousands of people dying everyday and rest revolting against the government. This increased to such an extent in year 928, when emperor Elactroscythus was defenestrated from his palace and killed, and rebels tried to create their own government. This led to overall chaotic situation all over the Empire, what was used by surrounding nations what occupied almost entire Empire, including city of Anatheonia and surroundings. Finally, in year 941, they besieged and conquered the Mairenslav, the last remnant of Anatheonian civilisation. This was the end of era of Anatheonian civilisation. Next few decades were ages of chaos, when all nations what divided parts of Anatheonian Empire to their own lands, fought together, entire eastern Althena was collapsing to the dark age, also known as Transitional Period. And nation of Morsco was slowly beginning to form in the province of Rozhetea.
Transitional period
Years from 941 were full of chaos. There were many wars and invasions over the Anatheonia, there was great famine and pestilence all over eastern Althena. Thousands of people migrated to the west, and formed nomadic asmirivan nations. In year 975, when the chaos was beginning to stop, new nations started to form in the area of past Anatheonia. In the far northeastern provinces was nation of Eyacong, on the north Oresthania, on the northwest was located Arthassa, and on southwest was Peilan. Nation of Morsco was located around present Magna Auridia, being least important of these nations. All these nations are known as Anatheonian Successors. In second half of 11.th century, Morsco was gradually advancing and growing, and Magna Auridia grew to most important city in the Rozhetea. This time, mining of gold and platinium was also recovering, what caused great profits and gains from trade; in early 12.th century Morsco was largest producer of gold in the world. Many invasions were targeted to Morsco, mostly by Eyacong and Peilan, but they were unsuccesful.
In year 1143, Kingdom of Morsco was created, covering area of more than 230,000 square kilometers. It was led by King, who was absolute leader in all branches. In year 1152, volcano Grand Vassala erupted, what caused catasthrophic unfertility and the Great Famine over entire eastern hemisphere. When king Electroconos died in the Rozhetean Plague epidemy, Eastern Church overtook the power and estabilished theocracy awaiting the apocalypse what was expected in the few next years; when the Great Famine ended it still led Morsco, and executing almost everyone who was against them as heretics. Leader of Eastern Christian Church was Cardinal of Magna Auridia. Its politics caused great isolation of Morsco for more than one century, when nobody was allowed to leave or arrive to the country. At the end of 13.th century, people were more and more revolting against theocratic government, and in year 1298, rebels attacked Magna Auridia and massacred most of religious dignitaries there, including Cardinal Benedictus IV.
After the death of Cardinal and fell of religious government, end of isolation caused great advancement all over Morsco, in early 14.th century, famous Golden Road was opened, leading from Ensuňa and Posilippo to the Rozhetean Mountains, across northern Althena and Hedjaz deserts, Samastra and Asmiriva; it was connecting most western and eastern points of Althena, and tons of gold and huge amounts of other resources were transported across it every year. In year 1325, Imperial period of Morsco started when leader of Morsco became the Emperor Incernis I. In these times, Morsco was covering approx. 420.000 square kilometers of land with population about 12 million.
Early Imperial period
In early 14.th century, Morsco was regional power, however, it was greatly rivaled by neighboring Empire of Peilan, largest and most populous of all Anatheonian successor nations. Emperor of Peilan, Xenecus, was known for his ambitions to conquer Morsco in minor War of the Rozheteans(1328 - 1330), when he attacked and besieged Magna Auridia, but he lose the war, what weakened Peilan. In next few decades, many important discoveries and inventions were made, like discovery of gunpowder, various discoveries in chemistry and physics, and first cannons were invented in Morsco, what meant great advantage for Morsco. In these times, Emperor Incernis I(1325 - 1353) died, and he was succeeded by Incernis II(1353 - 1371), also known as "the Peaceful", because he was strongly against any war and never killed people. During his reign, Peilan was more and more weaker in comparison with Morsco.
In later 14.th century, after death of Incernis II and during reign of Incernis III(1371 - 1401), first major military campaigns were launched against other Anatheonian successors. In year 1378, Eyacong was invaded by Morsco. War lasted 7 years, but with the technologies of gunpowder and cannons, Morscan armies conquered Eyacong. Next invasions were aimed on Oresthania and Arthassa, in years 1383 - 1390. Invasion to Oresthania was only partially succesful, because only southern parts of the country were conquered, and Morscan army suffered great losses, but after that Morsco gained important and strategic territories on the north. Invasion to Arthassa was only minor, and it was not succesful, because of hurricane what hit the area in the times of war. Thanks to these invasions, Peilan was now surrounded by morsco from north and west, what caused great disadvatages to Peilanese. Incernis III was succeeded by Incernis IV(1401 - 1414), who was killed by his cousin, later known as Incernis V.
Emperor Incernis V(1414 - 1462) is one of the most famous Morscan Emperors, and he also gained title Imperator. During first few years of his reign, he made great reformations in Morscan army, and, in year 1421, great offensive and invasion, also known as Invasion to Peilan was launched. First months of the invasion, Morscan armies were approaching further and further to the Peilanese territory, and thousands of citizens who resisted were killed. In year 1422, major citadel of Theyraeos was besieged, and there Peilanese and Morscan armies met in first major battle. In this battle, thanks to the cannons and well trained soldiers, Peilanese army was decimated and Theyraeos was conquered. Seven years later, entire north and east of Peilan was occupied by Morsco, what get attribute "Greater", after this war. Rest minor southern and western Peilanese territories formed minor state of Peilan, but were controlled by Greater Morsco for 20 years, then they joined empire.
After death of Incernis V, famous discoveries were made by Greater Morscan explorers Paulos Cynocys and Aerdathycos Acsios. Cynocys discovered continent of Carreon, and was first who circumnavigated Althena, but majority of his crew died because of cold climate and lack of food at Mervey. Ascios is more popular, because he discovered western coast of Itzamna in year 1531; Although Insulonians discovered this continent first time, but he was first who reached its western coast. He estabilished colony there, in the areas of present southern Belgovia and Samasila. At the end of 15.th century, Greater Morsco was superpower, along with Insulo, Posillipo and Trentannia.
16.th century was century of colonisation, although not in the 17.th century extent. Greater Morsco estabilished colonies all over eastern hemisphere; largest were located on the north of Samaeilan peninsula and western Itzamna, but colonial empire of Greater Morsco was most rapidly growing in 17 and 18.th century. During late 15 and early 16.th century, Greater Morsco was still expanding in Eastern Althena, and after death of Incernis VI in 1489, Cheallean dynasty of emperors began with Erasthodyctos I, who took the power and killed Incernis VI. Magna Auridia was one of the largest cities in the world in this time, and Greater Morsco was respected as one of the most powerful nations in the world. Year 1556 is thought as the end of early Imperial Period of Morsco and starting year of Later Imperial, also known as colonial period, because first colonies on the Carreon were estabilished by Greater Morsco.
Later Imperial period
After the end of 16.th century, Greater Morsco started another period of intense economic, demographic and territorial growth. In year 1556, Morsco started colonising of the Carreon. First settlements founded there were located in the area of current Oinaeos, and they were Venterina, Aratanna and Meniculum(later, they all merged to one major city named after the largest of them Venterina). After the death of emperor Incernis VIII and end of Omneallan dynasty, general Acanthonicon took power as a new emperor, and during his 12 year old reign he accomplished important military campaigns in Samaeila, conquering major areas there. In these times, Carreon was densely colonising by prisoners, what were making 80% of the population there as in 1581. In year 1583, Acanthonicon was assasinated, and this was start of 40 year long period of anarchy, when more than 30 different people were named emperors, and very soon killed after that, what meant great political chaos over entire Greater Morsco.
Political chaos meant major unrest in many provinces in the Samaeila, what then revolted and became again independent; that meant all territorial gains made by Acanthonicon were lost. When the situation later stabilised with emperor Allavicer, central Samaeila was conquered again. In 1610, population in Carreon colonies reached 20,000. In the march 16.th, year 1613, started Great Fire of Magna Auridia, when major parts of central city were destroyed, along with Imperial Palace, art gallery and cathedral, all of them massive and beautiful buildings. Imperial Palace was later rebuilt by architect Carlos Eractymos. In the fire, more than 30,000 people died.
In next century, central Greater Morsco experienced important territorial expansion and colonial gains, one of the largest in Morscan pre-20.th century history. In year 1619, massive invasions to south Eastern Althenian states started. In 1642, emperor Allavicer died and his daughter, Christinia, inherited the imperial crown and became empress Christinia I. She is known as first and only empress and female head of state in Greater Morscan history. Christinia also ruled the longest time from all Greater Morscan emperors, full 64 years. She was well known for massive reforms, what took significant rights from religious officials, estabilished the fixed law for entire Greater Morsco including colonies, and also weakened the power of Morscan nobles. Many of these reforms caused unrest among the nobles, and attempts to took power, but they were suppressed. During her reign, Greater Morsco conquered parts of Southern Peilan, and in Three Feurgos Wars, Greater Morsco conquered major parts of northern Itzamna from Insulo, although they were again lost in 1719.
When Christinia I died, she had 14 children, what caused major struggle for the throne. In year 1704, her son Janus became the new emperor and Greater Morscan Empire was divided to 14 provinces, and all his siblings were named governors of these provinces. Soon, provinces started to fight against each other, and the Empire split to 5 parts in 1712. Largest of them was covering major part of current Metropolitan Morsco and was under full Imperial dispute, other parts were known as Elaphacaon, Greater Anatheonia, Epeillan and Janiaconus. This territorial and political instability greatly weakened Greater Morsco. In next decade, it lost majority of colonies on Itzamna and Vassal archipelago. Then, Empire of Mitoyagi invaded Elaphacaon in the Wars of Sea. Greater Morsco experienced major defeats and lost the war. For that, Mitoyagi Empire conquered entire Elaphacaon for 20 years. In year 1724, Janus I became insane and was replaced by prime general, later known as Cornelius I. He finally reunited the empire in Central Imperial wars, and got back Bogolvia on Itzamna and colonies on Vassal Archipelago. In year 1760, during his period of reign, Greater Morscan Empire experienced greatest span during its history, being second largest Greater Morscan nation in history.
Years to the end of 18.th century were almost entirely peaceful, and full of important technological advancements. Many famous Morscan inventors and scientists are known for this period of time, including aeronautics Brothers Landals, astronomer Clement Nigellus, and chemic Adolphus Palmiger. However, at the end of 18.th century, Greater Morsco was experiencing gradually growing social and political crisis, with growing Imperial power and start of the period of absolutism led by emperor Aelsthron Cornelius II. In year 1792, first important protests and revolts happened, but they were brutally stopped by Imperial armed forces. Emperor's power was gradually increasing to such of extent, than in year 1801 was Greater Morsco starting to unofficially politically divide to two major parts, from what one was against absolutist imperialism, and was covering majority of southern provinces, Peilan, and Szcheno. The threat of Civil War was increasing.
Grand Civil War
20.th century
21.th century
First traces of civilisation on the land of Greater Morsco are recorded from years around 500 BCE, when it was inhabited by Anatheonian tribes. Anatheonians are thought to have migrated acros entire Althena from area of contemporary state of Trenntania and surroundings, in years circa 540 BCE. These tribes had relatively primitive technologies, they were almost entirely farmers, but some megalithic sites, largest being Aerathacera, now located near Oridenpollis. After a strong demographic and technological development between years 400 BCE and 220 AD, advanced metallurgical technologies were developed, initially with the work of gold, copper, silver, iron, and later with platinium. Many jewels and decorational objects can be found from this age, many of them entirely from gold.
These tribes were only inhabitants of Morsco area this time, and many settlement sites from these ages can be found. Major tribes were Eorealians in the area around Corpore, known for their small artistic sculptures found when mining, Arcanthans near Arcen'lacca, Orelanians near Ursus and many other. They are known for discovering massive gold, platinium and diamond deposits in Rozhetean Mountains. Their technologies were not primitive at all, they had stone buildings, advanced farming technologies, iron weapons and medium sized ships.
In years circa 360, the majority of tribes started to join together, and formed four major factions, two of them in area of contemporary Peilan, one in Jhekong and Northern Morsco, and last in Greater Morsco mainland. These factions fought together, gradually advancing in technologies through the centuries, with wars being more and more devastating. These conflicts later resulted to Grand Anatheonian war in years 602 - 720, when west invaded east, and after more than one century of war, joined with it. Still, many weapons and dead from this war can be found all over the Greater Morsco. With casualties estimated to more than 25 million it was most devastating battle conflict in history except Adonian World War. After that, magnificent Anatheonian civilisation begun to rose.
Protoanatheonian period
After the Grand Anatheonian war, Eorealians merged with Anatheonians, and proto-anatheonian civilisation was formed in years circa 750. It was covering area of approx. 620.000 square kilometers, from areas around northern Rozheteans at Corpore aurum on the northeast, Jhekong gulf on the north and Realasthan mountains on the south, to the Western Rozheteans on east and parts of Peilan Plateau on southwest; Core of civilisation was located in the province of Anatheonia, what are currently covered by Anatheon Grand Rainforest. Climate in the civilisation was considered warm and humid, but it was proven that it was much colder climate this time in Eastern Althena. Major cities and centers have been built on the plains, mountains and near lakes closer to Jhekong gulf, for that the cities were not completely destroyed and covered by jungle, they were simply abandoned and ruined. Protoanatheonian civilisation was divided to three provinces, Grand Anatheonia on the north, Rozhetea on southeast and Epheilania on southwest - name of nation Peilan was derived from the name Epheilania.
It was ruled by Emperor, there were five of them in the Protoanatheonian ages(years 750 - 813), and they were emperor Mairessus(ruled 742 - 765), who led Anatheonia to many battles and conquered Arcanthan tribe and occupied province of Rozhetea. He also reclaimed the cities of Anatheonian civilisation, and made Eastern Christianity official religion of Greater Morsco. Ostheoron wrote first literal work dealing with Eastern Althenian history, what is considered one of the most coherent historical sources about the pre-anatheonian ages in Althena. He was succeeded by his son, Emperor Shuryaverus(ruled 765 - 783). During the reign of emperor Shuryaverus, Anatheonian civilisation was rapidly advancing, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Geography were experiencing their golden age in Protoanatheonia. Famous philosopher Caldatiocros is known from this period, he was famous for his discoveries in alchemy and chemistry, and also invented nitroglycerine. In these times, infrastructure was also rapidly building and upgrading. Building of pyramid from Mairenslav began during Shuryaverus's period, and was 77 m high when constructed, with 34 m high pillar on the top, making its complete height 111 m. All next Anatheonian emperors have been buried there. Shuryaverus's successor is known as Shuryaverus II. Not many is known about him, because he died very young, probably poisoned by his uncle Xonthosos, who is also thought to being murderer of emperor Shuryaverus I.
During the reign of Emperor Xhonthosos(ruled 786 - 806), Protoanatheonian civilisation experienced its golden age. He led many wars and invasions to the north and south, and conquered the province Epheilania. The peilanese natives were mostly enslaved, or exiled to the far north or south, what was common on Anatheonian invasions. Pyramid of Mairenslav was finished during his reign, he also made many political reforms and estabilish partial regional democratic systems. He also changed many old traditions and made Anatheonian civilisation true power. He died peacefully at the age of 67, and he was succeeded by his general Heliconos(ruled 806 - 813), also known as The Tyrant. First three years of his reign were peaceful, but in year 810, he gone mad, and declared himself as a Sun God. Everyone who opposed him was executed, he also built massive temple complex dedicated to him, known as Templopolis of Mairenslav, where tons of gold and diamonds were used as a decoration. He also organised many pointless wars and invasions to the east. That almost ruined the economy of Anatheonia. He was killed by his own palace guard in the year 813.
Anatheonian period
After the death of Emperor Heliconos, economy was beginning to stabilise, and after about 15 years it completely recovered. Major Anatheonian Empire in year 825 was covering the area of more than 1.400.000 square kilometers, with significant gains on the east(areas of contemporary Jhekong and Morsco). It was prospering and advanced civilisation, and it was considered world superpower, being much more advanced than all other Adonian civilisations this time. It had huge military of two million of soldiers, advanced architectural and technical knowledge. However, the late Anatheonian Empire existed only bit more than 100 years, from year 813 to 941. It was ruled by emperors from Theonian and Eothenian dynasties, 6 emperors together. However, this was not partially democratic system, as it was in Protoanatheonian civilisation, but absolutism, where emperor was supreme ruler of everything.
Death of emperor Heliconos and following economical crisis led to 12 year long period of recovering, when Anatheonian Empire was significantly weakened because of lack of military funds. Because of that, Anatheonian Empire was attacked by neighboring nations of Shandalia and Tschumon, in first Anathan war(817 - 819), when Anatheonia lost large areas on the south and far west. At first year of war, Ostharussal IV, king of Shandalia and Emperor Tsang II of Tschumon with their armies attacked southern province of Auphelassa. Anatheonia answered with counterattack, but before they arrived there, Southern Alliance prepared, and defeated Anatheonians, who withdrew their armies back to the central provinces, to defend Mairenslav and Anatheonia. This caused many next invasions, when majority of Anatheonian Empire was occupied by Shandalia, Tschumon and Oresthanian Empire. During this war, Anatheonian civilisation was led by emperor Theoniconos I(ruled 813 - 829), who, immediately after the invasions started to rebuild army and to train new soldiers, he found needed money in the treasures in the Pyramid of Mairenslav. In the summer of year 819, Greater Morsco counterattacked with the new army, and met with the Southern Alliance at the battle of Aelasthania, when the armies of Southern Alliance were crushed and Auphelassa was reconquered. This was end of first Anathan war.
After the Anatheonian Empire's economy being succesfully recovered, it started to regain the lost areas, and started to improve the infrastructure. Famous scientist and philosopher Aquilianos is known from early 9.th century, who has proven that Adonia is round, calculated its diameter and mass, and laid the foundations of modern biology, taxonomy and chemistry. Aquilianos also invented first rockets and fireworks, and discovered natural gas. He was killed by insane monk when traveling to the Oresthanian Empire. Also, one of the first universities in the world, Anatheonian University(Later renamed to Grand Campeillo University), was founded in these times, being most prestigious educational facility in the Anatheonia. Close to it was located Library of Mairenslav, with largest amount of literature in the world, but it was lit by insane man Ignostrathus and burned to the ground.
When the emperor Theoniconos I died, 4 year period known as "small republic" started because his successor, Theoniconos II(ruled 833 - 859), was too young. Consul was elected and became the temporary Anatheonian leader, but he was relegated when Theoniconos II reached adulthood. Theoniconos II is known as wise and just ruler, who approved the culture, healthcare and education in Anatheonian Empire. His successors, Theoniconos III(ruled 859 - 867) and IV(ruled 867 - 890) were conversely military orientated, and started the 60 years long series of various invasions to the neighboring nations. In the year 866, first invasion was directed to the Shandalian Kingdom on the far north, and completely conquered the kingdom. This war is also known because of famous book by general Ioelaus, writings about the Shandalian wars. First attack was aimed on the southern citadel of Iathrassa, what was besieged by Anatheonian armies. However, Shandalians were resisting for years, so Anatheonians catapulted bodies of infected cattle to the city, and after few months, city surrendered. Then, they raided northern areas, but Shandalians burned their villages and farm fields there and leaved, what caused hunger and riots in Anatheonian army. But Anatheonians, although with major losses, finally reached Shandalian capital of Asthai, and conquered it in year 869, now during the reign of Theoniconos IV.
In year 877, plans for the new invasion to Tschumon were interrupted by revolts of slave miners on the west, who don't had enough food and tools. They escaped and killed guards, and started to free all slaves across Rozheteans. For that, metal production in Anatheonia almost stopped, so thousands of inhabitants were relocated to the western provinces, to work in the mines instead of slaves. But this was not only problem - after few months, slaves formed small army and tried to create blocade on the Via Auria, main road connecting central Anatheonia with Rozheteans, across what was majority of gold and metals transported. But, Anatheonian army attacked the rebel army soon, and massacred them. As a warning for the rest, thousands of slaves were massacred.
Next succesful Anatheonian invasions were aimed to the nations of Tschumon(883), Xianthou(887), and all of them were succesful. Anatheonian Empire experienced its largest territorial extent this time, more than 3 million square kilometers, encompassing subpolar, temperate, subtropical and tropical climates across the Althena, from the Far East territories of Rozhetea and parts of Samaeilan peninsula on the north, to the southern coast and Central Plains on the west. Capital was the city Mairenslav, with more than one million inhabitants, making it one of the largest cities in the world in this age. Anatheonians had many of advanced technologies what have been reinvented only in last 4 centuries, including fireworks, paper, steam power, or natural gas.
In year 890, invasion to Oresthanian empire, largest rival of Anatheonian civilisation located on the north of Samaeila, started. Oresthanian empire was also very advanced, and had huge army including thousands of war elephants. Anatheonians attacked with full power, but they were blocked and counterattacked in the battle of Eiershylas, when Theoniconos IV was killed and Anatheonians withdrawn, however, they were preparing for second attack. With the help of general Antonius of Anatheonia, this attack was succesful, and Anatheonians easily defeated Oresthanian army and approached far to Oresthanian territories. But they didn't notice that Oresthanians let them pass to their territories, and surrounded the army. Then, in the deep rainforests and with help of war elephants, Oresthanians massacred majority of Anatheonian armies and pushed them back to the Anatheonia, occuping all of Anatheonian territories on the Samaeila. This was one of the many reasons why the Anatheonian Empire slowly started to collapse. And there were many other - southern Shandalia revolted, along with many of eastern territories, new emperor Aerdhathicus was incompetent to stop that, and also supervolcano of Sykios erupted, causing crop failure and famine all over the Eastern Althena, and following epidemies. Anatheonian civilisation was greatly weakened by all of these factors, and in year 907, numerous treates with surrounding nations and revolted provinces were estabilished, reducing area of Empire more than two times.
In years of 915 - 918 empire was slowly collapsing, with majority of the Empire being occupied and divided to numerous other nations, and losing its position of regional power. Next emperor Elactroscythus tried to regain majority of past area, but his invasions were mostly unsuccesful, and he accomplished only minor victories. There was terrible crisis all over the empire, with thousands of people dying everyday and rest revolting against the government. This increased to such an extent in year 928, when emperor Elactroscythus was defenestrated from his palace and killed, and rebels tried to create their own government. This led to overall chaotic situation all over the Empire, what was used by surrounding nations what occupied almost entire Empire, including city of Anatheonia and surroundings. Finally, in year 941, they besieged and conquered the Mairenslav, the last remnant of Anatheonian civilisation. This was the end of era of Anatheonian civilisation. Next few decades were ages of chaos, when all nations what divided parts of Anatheonian Empire to their own lands, fought together, entire eastern Althena was collapsing to the dark age, also known as Transitional Period. And nation of Morsco was slowly beginning to form in the province of Rozhetea.
Transitional period
Years from 941 were full of chaos. There were many wars and invasions over the Anatheonia, there was great famine and pestilence all over eastern Althena. Thousands of people migrated to the west, and formed nomadic asmirivan nations. In year 975, when the chaos was beginning to stop, new nations started to form in the area of past Anatheonia. In the far northeastern provinces was nation of Eyacong, on the north Oresthania, on the northwest was located Arthassa, and on southwest was Peilan. Nation of Morsco was located around present Magna Auridia, being least important of these nations. All these nations are known as Anatheonian Successors. In second half of 11.th century, Morsco was gradually advancing and growing, and Magna Auridia grew to most important city in the Rozhetea. This time, mining of gold and platinium was also recovering, what caused great profits and gains from trade; in early 12.th century Morsco was largest producer of gold in the world. Many invasions were targeted to Morsco, mostly by Eyacong and Peilan, but they were unsuccesful.
In year 1143, Kingdom of Morsco was created, covering area of more than 230,000 square kilometers. It was led by King, who was absolute leader in all branches. In year 1152, volcano Grand Vassala erupted, what caused catasthrophic unfertility and the Great Famine over entire eastern hemisphere. When king Electroconos died in the Rozhetean Plague epidemy, Eastern Church overtook the power and estabilished theocracy awaiting the apocalypse what was expected in the few next years; when the Great Famine ended it still led Morsco, and executing almost everyone who was against them as heretics. Leader of Eastern Christian Church was Cardinal of Magna Auridia. Its politics caused great isolation of Morsco for more than one century, when nobody was allowed to leave or arrive to the country. At the end of 13.th century, people were more and more revolting against theocratic government, and in year 1298, rebels attacked Magna Auridia and massacred most of religious dignitaries there, including Cardinal Benedictus IV.
After the death of Cardinal and fell of religious government, end of isolation caused great advancement all over Morsco, in early 14.th century, famous Golden Road was opened, leading from Ensuňa and Posilippo to the Rozhetean Mountains, across northern Althena and Hedjaz deserts, Samastra and Asmiriva; it was connecting most western and eastern points of Althena, and tons of gold and huge amounts of other resources were transported across it every year. In year 1325, Imperial period of Morsco started when leader of Morsco became the Emperor Incernis I. In these times, Morsco was covering approx. 420.000 square kilometers of land with population about 12 million.
Early Imperial period
In early 14.th century, Morsco was regional power, however, it was greatly rivaled by neighboring Empire of Peilan, largest and most populous of all Anatheonian successor nations. Emperor of Peilan, Xenecus, was known for his ambitions to conquer Morsco in minor War of the Rozheteans(1328 - 1330), when he attacked and besieged Magna Auridia, but he lose the war, what weakened Peilan. In next few decades, many important discoveries and inventions were made, like discovery of gunpowder, various discoveries in chemistry and physics, and first cannons were invented in Morsco, what meant great advantage for Morsco. In these times, Emperor Incernis I(1325 - 1353) died, and he was succeeded by Incernis II(1353 - 1371), also known as "the Peaceful", because he was strongly against any war and never killed people. During his reign, Peilan was more and more weaker in comparison with Morsco.
In later 14.th century, after death of Incernis II and during reign of Incernis III(1371 - 1401), first major military campaigns were launched against other Anatheonian successors. In year 1378, Eyacong was invaded by Morsco. War lasted 7 years, but with the technologies of gunpowder and cannons, Morscan armies conquered Eyacong. Next invasions were aimed on Oresthania and Arthassa, in years 1383 - 1390. Invasion to Oresthania was only partially succesful, because only southern parts of the country were conquered, and Morscan army suffered great losses, but after that Morsco gained important and strategic territories on the north. Invasion to Arthassa was only minor, and it was not succesful, because of hurricane what hit the area in the times of war. Thanks to these invasions, Peilan was now surrounded by morsco from north and west, what caused great disadvatages to Peilanese. Incernis III was succeeded by Incernis IV(1401 - 1414), who was killed by his cousin, later known as Incernis V.
Emperor Incernis V(1414 - 1462) is one of the most famous Morscan Emperors, and he also gained title Imperator. During first few years of his reign, he made great reformations in Morscan army, and, in year 1421, great offensive and invasion, also known as Invasion to Peilan was launched. First months of the invasion, Morscan armies were approaching further and further to the Peilanese territory, and thousands of citizens who resisted were killed. In year 1422, major citadel of Theyraeos was besieged, and there Peilanese and Morscan armies met in first major battle. In this battle, thanks to the cannons and well trained soldiers, Peilanese army was decimated and Theyraeos was conquered. Seven years later, entire north and east of Peilan was occupied by Morsco, what get attribute "Greater", after this war. Rest minor southern and western Peilanese territories formed minor state of Peilan, but were controlled by Greater Morsco for 20 years, then they joined empire.
After death of Incernis V, famous discoveries were made by Greater Morscan explorers Paulos Cynocys and Aerdathycos Acsios. Cynocys discovered continent of Carreon, and was first who circumnavigated Althena, but majority of his crew died because of cold climate and lack of food at Mervey. Ascios is more popular, because he discovered western coast of Itzamna in year 1531; Although Insulonians discovered this continent first time, but he was first who reached its western coast. He estabilished colony there, in the areas of present southern Belgovia and Samasila. At the end of 15.th century, Greater Morsco was superpower, along with Insulo, Posillipo and Trentannia.
16.th century was century of colonisation, although not in the 17.th century extent. Greater Morsco estabilished colonies all over eastern hemisphere; largest were located on the north of Samaeilan peninsula and western Itzamna, but colonial empire of Greater Morsco was most rapidly growing in 17 and 18.th century. During late 15 and early 16.th century, Greater Morsco was still expanding in Eastern Althena, and after death of Incernis VI in 1489, Cheallean dynasty of emperors began with Erasthodyctos I, who took the power and killed Incernis VI. Magna Auridia was one of the largest cities in the world in this time, and Greater Morsco was respected as one of the most powerful nations in the world. Year 1556 is thought as the end of early Imperial Period of Morsco and starting year of Later Imperial, also known as colonial period, because first colonies on the Carreon were estabilished by Greater Morsco.
Later Imperial period
After the end of 16.th century, Greater Morsco started another period of intense economic, demographic and territorial growth. In year 1556, Morsco started colonising of the Carreon. First settlements founded there were located in the area of current Oinaeos, and they were Venterina, Aratanna and Meniculum(later, they all merged to one major city named after the largest of them Venterina). After the death of emperor Incernis VIII and end of Omneallan dynasty, general Acanthonicon took power as a new emperor, and during his 12 year old reign he accomplished important military campaigns in Samaeila, conquering major areas there. In these times, Carreon was densely colonising by prisoners, what were making 80% of the population there as in 1581. In year 1583, Acanthonicon was assasinated, and this was start of 40 year long period of anarchy, when more than 30 different people were named emperors, and very soon killed after that, what meant great political chaos over entire Greater Morsco.
Political chaos meant major unrest in many provinces in the Samaeila, what then revolted and became again independent; that meant all territorial gains made by Acanthonicon were lost. When the situation later stabilised with emperor Allavicer, central Samaeila was conquered again. In 1610, population in Carreon colonies reached 20,000. In the march 16.th, year 1613, started Great Fire of Magna Auridia, when major parts of central city were destroyed, along with Imperial Palace, art gallery and cathedral, all of them massive and beautiful buildings. Imperial Palace was later rebuilt by architect Carlos Eractymos. In the fire, more than 30,000 people died.
In next century, central Greater Morsco experienced important territorial expansion and colonial gains, one of the largest in Morscan pre-20.th century history. In year 1619, massive invasions to south Eastern Althenian states started. In 1642, emperor Allavicer died and his daughter, Christinia, inherited the imperial crown and became empress Christinia I. She is known as first and only empress and female head of state in Greater Morscan history. Christinia also ruled the longest time from all Greater Morscan emperors, full 64 years. She was well known for massive reforms, what took significant rights from religious officials, estabilished the fixed law for entire Greater Morsco including colonies, and also weakened the power of Morscan nobles. Many of these reforms caused unrest among the nobles, and attempts to took power, but they were suppressed. During her reign, Greater Morsco conquered parts of Southern Peilan, and in Three Feurgos Wars, Greater Morsco conquered major parts of northern Itzamna from Insulo, although they were again lost in 1719.
When Christinia I died, she had 14 children, what caused major struggle for the throne. In year 1704, her son Janus became the new emperor and Greater Morscan Empire was divided to 14 provinces, and all his siblings were named governors of these provinces. Soon, provinces started to fight against each other, and the Empire split to 5 parts in 1712. Largest of them was covering major part of current Metropolitan Morsco and was under full Imperial dispute, other parts were known as Elaphacaon, Greater Anatheonia, Epeillan and Janiaconus. This territorial and political instability greatly weakened Greater Morsco. In next decade, it lost majority of colonies on Itzamna and Vassal archipelago. Then, Empire of Mitoyagi invaded Elaphacaon in the Wars of Sea. Greater Morsco experienced major defeats and lost the war. For that, Mitoyagi Empire conquered entire Elaphacaon for 20 years. In year 1724, Janus I became insane and was replaced by prime general, later known as Cornelius I. He finally reunited the empire in Central Imperial wars, and got back Bogolvia on Itzamna and colonies on Vassal Archipelago. In year 1760, during his period of reign, Greater Morscan Empire experienced greatest span during its history, being second largest Greater Morscan nation in history.
Years to the end of 18.th century were almost entirely peaceful, and full of important technological advancements. Many famous Morscan inventors and scientists are known for this period of time, including aeronautics Brothers Landals, astronomer Clement Nigellus, and chemic Adolphus Palmiger. However, at the end of 18.th century, Greater Morsco was experiencing gradually growing social and political crisis, with growing Imperial power and start of the period of absolutism led by emperor Aelsthron Cornelius II. In year 1792, first important protests and revolts happened, but they were brutally stopped by Imperial armed forces. Emperor's power was gradually increasing to such of extent, than in year 1801 was Greater Morsco starting to unofficially politically divide to two major parts, from what one was against absolutist imperialism, and was covering majority of southern provinces, Peilan, and Szcheno. The threat of Civil War was increasing.
Grand Civil War
20.th century
21.th century
Last edited by 9988 on Sun Jan 22, 2012 12:58 pm; edited 12 times in total
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